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            <h2 class="text-4xl font-bold text-white">CE3METL Model</h2>
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            CE3METL ( Chinese Energy-Economy-Environmental Model with Endogenous Technological Change by Employing Logistic Curves ) is a regionalized version of the global integrated assessment model E3METL , specifically designed for China. As such, they share a similar model structure , consisting of economic, energy, and simplified environmental modules . The CE3METL model inherits the E3METL's key feature: a multi-equation logistic technology diffusion model at its core to characterize the multiple technological substitutions and evolutionary relationships within the energy system .
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						The macroeconomic module describes a Cobb-Douglas -type production process embedded in energy inputs . Regarding the treatment of import and export boundaries and the choice of closure conditions , CE3METL assumes that imports and exports vary with the GDP optimization path . The energy module inherits the E3METL model's multiple energy technology substitution evolution mechanism and multi-factor endogenous energy technology progress mechanism . The energy sources considered include fossil energy sectors ( coal, oil, and natural gas ), non-fossil energy sectors ( biomass, hydropower, nuclear power, wind power, photovoltaic solar energy, geothermal energy, and tidal technologies ) , as well as two emission reduction technologies ( PC -CCS and IGCC -CCS ) and two negative emission technologies ( BECCS and DAC ) . The environmental module 's primary task is to calculate China's energy-related greenhouse gas emissions , primarily CO₂ , CH₄ , and N₂O .The CE3METL model aims to maximize intertemporal utility (welfare) , defined as the logarithmized population-weighted household consumption. The model seeks its optimal solution using the nonlinear optimization algorithm CONOPT in the GAMS software platform. The model base year is set to 2010 , and the intertemporal optimization run is performed with a five- year step ( consisting of five- year periods ). Results are reported for the period 2020-2100 .
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            Since its development in 2013 , the CE3METL model has been applied to a series of national energy and environmental policy assessments, including: a comprehensive assessment of China's energy and climate policy objectives and policy choices under the Paris Agreement; analysis of the diffusion patterns and policy impacts of China's wind energy technology; an assessment of China's 2030 energy and climate goals under multiple uncertainties ; an assessment of the impact of photovoltaic penetration on China's emission reduction and climate change response; the potential impact of national climate policies on energy security; an analysis of the cost evolution and technological diffusion of China's carbon capture and storage technology; the long-term impact of the strategic shift from the global temperature control target of 2°C to 1.5°C on China ; a cost-benefit analysis of China's response to climate change; an assessment of the impact of policy coordination on achieving China's Nationally Determined Contribution targets; and an analysis of the medium- and long-term development paths of China's natural gas consumption using a multi-model comparison framework. Related research has been published in leading domestic and international journals such as Energy Economics , Ecological Economics , Environmental Research , Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews , Management World, Economic Research, and Systems Engineering Theory and Practice.
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            In particular , the CE3METL model combines several internationally renowned models, including GCAM , AIM/CGE , REMIND , and WITCH , to construct a multi-model comparison framework. Based on this framework, it presents possible near-zero carbon and non-carbon emission pathways for the future at both the national and key sector scales. It analyzes the potential contributions of different emission factors to emissions reductions, depicts the structural evolution of the energy system under zero-carbon or low-carbon scenarios, estimates the costs of complete economic decarbonization, and discusses the potential consistency between the 1.5°C temperature control target and the carbon neutrality goal . The research findings have been accepted for publication as a full-length article in the top international journal Science .
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